College of Environmental Design
Department of Architecture, UC Berkeley
Architecture Slide Library
Fall 1995 James Study Aid 4
I. Mortuary temples replace pyramids in importance during Middle and New Kingdoms. Shift in their location to the area around (see map) the new capital city ofDeir-el-Bahari. Mentuhotep's the earliest known example of monumental architecture in upper Egypt. causeway leading through trees to double terrace, possibly capped by a pyramid. Hatshepsut's laid out by Senmut: upper and lower courts, including myrrh trees from Punt (Somalia). two porticoed terraces, one with fluted columns. Hawthor-headed columns as well. emphasis upon legitimacy of first female pharaoh: decoration describing expedition to Punt, erection of temple, and Hatshepsut's divine birth, as well as depicting tomb offerings.
II. Shift in location of New Kingdom royal tombs, including Tutankhamun's, to Valley of the Kings outside Thebes. recent discovery of tomb of sons of Ramses II (c 1275-1250 BCE).
III. Religious rituals of the living. Feast of Opet: processional route of the sacred boats from Karnak to Luxor along the main axes of the temples and down the Nile River. New Kingdom Temple of Amon, Mut, and Khonsu, Image 2), Middle Kingdom and later. clerestory-lit columned or Hypostyle Hall, Sety I and Rameses II, c 1300 BCE. column capitals based on plant forms. oldest parts of temples were most sacred, least public.
IV. New Kingdom urbanism and domestic architecture. rectilinear quality of Image 2 , &
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